Monday, December 30, 2019

Legalizing Assisted Suicide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 690 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Assisted Suicide Essay Did you like this example? If someone wanted to end their life should they be allowed to do so with the aid of a doctor? Would those with depression be allowed to end their life? If a person is in so much pain that nothing will relieve it, should they be given the means to end it? In Oregon, which had the Death with Dignity Act since 1997, people with terminal illnesses can get lethal prescriptions from their doctors to take their own lives. In the first seventeen years, five out of six people were denied the prescription. The one out of six that did get the pills; 752 people ended their lives and the other 400 people never took the pills. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Legalizing Assisted Suicide" essay for you Create order These numbers dont answer the questions, nor do they explain the situation these people found themselves in. Assisted suicide is a complex question discussed by many different people of all kinds of beliefs; not only a moral issue but also a logical and practical issue. Peter Singer and Andrew Solomon are two of the more outspoken people that are in support of legalizing assisted suicide. Peter Singer is a professor of bioethics at Princeton University and the author of the books The Most Good You Can Do, Animal Liberation, The Life You Can Save, and Practical Ethics. Andrew Solomon is a professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University and the author of the books Far from the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity, Far and Away: Reporting from the Blink of Change, and The Noonday Demon. Peter argues that the perception of death is not always negative and instead could be positive depending on the circumstances. There are circumstances in which the person who is considering death wants to die. That is their autonomous choice. So, death is not a violation of their autonomy, or contrary to their strongest wishes. Peter also argues There are cases in which a person has no more valuable life to look forward to, valuable by their judg ment, not valuable by somebody elses judgment imposing on them the idea that their life is still worthwhile. Andrew argues giving someone the choice of death would allow them to take control back of their life; Because much of modern medicine prolongs not living but dying, we need to rethink death itself. Making someone die in a way that others approve, but that he feels is anathema, is an odious form of tyranny. Ilora Finlay and Daniel Sulmasy are of the more outspoken of those against legalizing assisted suicide. Ilora Finlay is a member of the House of Lords, a palliative care physician, and is the president of the British Medical Association. Daniel Sulmasy is a professor of medicine and ethics at the University of Chicago and is a member of the presidential committee on the study of bioethical problems. Ilora argues that legalizing assisted suicide sends a message of despair and hopelessness, They send a message. And the message they send is that if youre terminally ill, ending your life is something that you probably ought to think about. Ilora also argues that it may not properly protect mentally ill patients, How do you assess capacity commensurate with the biggest decision that you could take; that to end your life? Only 6 percent of Oregons psychiatrists feel confident to do it. Daniel argues assisted suicide is bad ethical reasoning, bad medicine, bad policy, and is a slippery slope into euthanasia, These all follow logically from arguing for assisted suicide on the basis of maximizing our individual interests. So, if you dont believe in euthanizing severely disabled children or the demented, you might want to rethink your support for assisted suicide, at least if you want to be consistent. Daniel also argues assisted suicide would make us value human life less, Assisted suicide and euthanasia require us to accept that it is morally permissible to act with the specific intention of making a somebody into a nobody, to make them dead. Intentions, not just outcomes, matter in ethics. Daniel also argues against assis ted suicide because it would affirm the thought of being a burden for themselves and others that many terminally patients think.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Human Rights And Women s Rights - 880 Words

Human rights abuse is the breakthrough for countless altered nations in the 20th century. Citizens from every country privileges were abused, they dealt with violence and strived for independence. Being denied freedom in their country! Many different people with power who established the law in terms of what many thought was the best for the people brought it out. A big major issue was women’s rights that were and still are examined as lower to men. Years after of plenty of hard work and battling for equality women gained and were granted their rights to independence. Canada succeeded through three women-based affiliations which was founded acceptable to women’s freedom; Women’s Rights Movements, Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada and Women’s Suffrage. Many years’ women battled to gain their right to vote and their right of equality. Women requested to be on the equal scale of men, because they were tired of being mistreated an d exiled in their society. Within the 19th century women were not allowed to have voting rights because it was accepted that both men and women are put on different pedestals because men are more respected than women are. Dr. Emily Howard Stowe (Canada’s first doctor who is a woman) write ‘Toronto Women’s Suffrage Association 1876 later renamed to ‘Dominion Women’s Enfranchisement Association’ to act for the national group in the year 1889. The break through was a big ordeal for women since the creation of suffrageShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights And Women s Rights1129 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom this conference, let it be that human rights are women’s rights and women’s rights are human rights once and for all.† On September 5, 1995, 180 countries came together in Beijing China to hear first lady Hillary Clinton s speech about women s rights. This speech was the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women. The target aud ience for this speech is governments and other organizations that can help meet the goal of making women s rights human rights. She addressed problems that everyRead MoreWomen s Rights As Human Rights Essay5715 Words   |  23 PagesWOMEN’S RIGHTS AS HUMAN RIGHTS ABSTRACT The Constitution of India is imbued with the spirit of promoting and protecting the human rights of its constituents. But, merely incorporating a comprehensive bill of rights will not deliver the goods. And, although Article 32 of the Constitution assures an individual the right to move the Supreme Court of India for the enforcement of his/her rights, other constraints (like court fees, large back log of pending cases, and the intricacies of legal proceduresRead MoreWomen s Rights : Human Rights1909 Words   |  8 PagesProfessor Blajovec Woman’s rights are Human rights No country in the world has achieved complete gender equality just yet. Though some places are further along than others, some are still so far from the finish line that it’s not even in sight. For years, women around the world have been fighting for a stronger voice, and to be respected just as much as the man standing next to them. Despite increased awareness and mobilization at the local and international levels, women and girls in conflict continueRead MoreHuman Rights And Women s Rights955 Words   |  4 Pages Over the past few centuries, human rights have evolved all around the world. The main purpose of human rights are to protect people and promote happiness. At one point in history women did not work outside of the home or even have the right to vote. This day in age, women have more rights, but society still finds ways to discriminate against them and limit their rights. In third world countries women are also treated as inferior because of their appearance, race, and religion. Everyday in thirdRead MoreWomen s Rights Are Human Rights991 Words   |  4 PagesHilary Clinton. In the speech, Clinton made the famous remark, â€Å"Women’s rights are human rights†. Since the speech, focus on gender equality has increased, especially in the workplace. Yet, some industries, like private equity, continue to have problem in attracting women. Private equity firms have become increasingly aware of the need to get more women involved. But how big is the problem and are new perks the way to go? Women in Private Equity Preqin’s latest research in March didn’t paint a veryRead MoreDiscrimination Against Women s Human Rights1005 Words   |  5 PagesOne’s Human Rights Prompt: Why has it been difficult for indigenous peoples to claim human rights? Was it equally hard to establish women’s human rights to freedom from violence? Consider a series of factors such as the nature of their rights claims and the political context within which these claims were made in discussing the similarities and differences between these two cases and the process through which they became defined as human rights. The idea that indigenous people have rights is relativelyRead MoreWomen Of The United States And The World Is Violating A Person s Human Rights1364 Words   |  6 PagesStates and the world was and still is violating a person’s human rights. For century’s women, African Americans, gays, and lesbians were the grunt of such unfair treatment. Men thought a women place was in the home, cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the kids. Whites thought that black people did not deserve any rights because of their skin color. People where against gays and lesbians because of their sexual preference. In some countries women are not allowed to work. In India a great part of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary H. Cooper s Article, Women And Human Rights1236 Words   |  5 Pagesconflicts around the world, many women and girls are left with physical scars and emotional anguish that serve as a reminder of the agony they experienced when receiving violent punishments. These acts of violenc e, which are viewed as an infringement of their human rights, are given as social punishments for, seemingly, minor infractions. This, unfortunately, is the circumstance many women face, as described by author Mary H. Cooper in the article, â€Å"Women and Human Rights†. The author’s purpose is toRead MoreMary Prince s A Vindication Of The Rights Of Women : Slaves As Human Beings Or Animals?2119 Words   |  9 PagesCatherine Vo 1203565 Dr. Grace Kehler ENGLISH 3M06 05 November 2014 Mary Prince’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women: Slaves as Human Beings or Animals? Throughout Mary Prince s narrative, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, it is clearly evident that the brutal treatment from Prince s mistresses, which she inflicts upon her slaves, is a common occurrence. Through her perspective, she tells the readers about the harsh treatment she receives from both her masters and mistresses. By doing soRead MoreWomen s Education : An International Human Right Without Any Discrimination Based On Sex895 Words   |  4 PagesWomen`s education is an international human right without any discrimination based on sex or gender. It is necessary for identity social development and a means for a prosperous life. Constantly, the United Nations emphasized women`s education and set goals for its success with gender equality. Empowering women`s education is an essential element in growing societies that seek democracy and economic advancement. For the last decade, Palestinian women education had been the concern for several reasons

Friday, December 13, 2019

“Words Can Hurt You!” Free Essays

Have you ever been hurt by someone’s words? Words can’t hurt is a controversial statement. Being criticized for your intelligence, race or even where you live, can hurt you physically or emotionally. When I was little, people would tell me I was fat and ugly. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Words Can Hurt You!† or any similar topic only for you Order Now I often felt like a symbol (word, sound or visual device that represents an object, sound, concept, or experience) trapped around referent (thing that a symbol represents). I didn’t feel welcome around a certain group of kids. However, my teachers and family would tell me the exact opposite and say words cannot hurt me, but in reality, they did. I thought (mental process of creating an image, sound, concept, or experience triggered by a referent or symbol) everyday would be a better day at school because some people would be positive towards me, but before I changed my lifestyle it was wishful thinking. Going to school every day was fun most of the time until someone had to say something cruel. I disagree with the statement words can’t hurt, because they do. Why do people say words don’t hurt, and how exactly are people hurt by those negative remarks? If words don’t hurt, then why do African-Americans get mad when called â€Å"negro†? All through middle school, I was called â€Å"rat boy† for some odd reason. One person told me it didn’t matter because I didn’t have to listen to them. It was hard to do this through my middle school life. It aggravated me and I wanted to move away and go into a deep state of isolation. Finally in eighth grade, most of my peers saw that it made me angry and they quit. It doesn’t matter the type of person you are, I was a three sport athlete that had good grades and still got made fun of. Over the years, my peers have changed. I got into my college classes and my life became pleasant once again. I met a guy at my best friend’s house that thought I was funny and we connected. Being African American, he is known as a â€Å"Negro† and knew how I felt when I was called â€Å"rat boy†. I grew up being told negative thoughts about my size. This guy not only makes me feel good about myself on the outside, but has helped me find the little girl who was still lost inside a body full of happiness. I would use profanity (words considered obscene, blasphemous, irreverent, rude, or insensitive) to get other’s attention, and not realize it how uglier I sounded. I did it to try and fit in and only made it worse. Since words can hurt people, who started the whole false idea about how they don’t hurt? Words can upset you physically or emotionally or you’ll never forget what the bully said to you. I remember back when I was in first grade, one of the other kids at recess called me small fry; he was older than me and thus bigger. I was angry towards him that whole school year, and it still makes me mad when people call me small fry or short. I was around seven when it happened, I’m twenty-one now, and I still get disgusted by that kid. In my case I was injured emotionally and I never forgot how much it hurt me. Since then my size has changed, but it is very unbalanced. People now are different and don’t vilify me anymore. All through my education at public schools, I have been ridiculed about my size. Being a junior in college and five foot seven inches, I’m considered average. This time in life I can honestly say, I haven’t encountered bullies near as much. It may have been because I took what was being thrown in my face and changed myself. I try to have a healthier lifestyle, by eating healthier and exercising more frequently. Out of all the names I was called, the two previously mentioned made me upset the most. I’m writing about this to show that I have struggled with my self-esteem because of the names I was labeled. People need to change in order for the remarks to stop completely. To conclude this writing assignment, I myself disagree with words can’t hurt you because in truth they do. How to cite â€Å"Words Can Hurt You!†, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Physics M M lab Essay Example For Students

Physics M M lab Essay Purpose: To practice direct and indirect measurement Introduction: Do you think you could measure the average thickness of a sample of MMs without directly measuring selected MMs? The answer is yes, and in this activity you will make direct and indirect measurements of the thickness of MMs. You will compare the results and evaluate the reliability of each method of measurement. Be sure to view the tutorial on the proper use of the fernier caliper. Please re-visit the information on when to cite sources. Since a graduated cylinder is usually used for liquid measurement, students think hey need to put water in the cylinder. This is not true for this activity. The graduated cylinder will be kept clean and dryer this activity. It is also important to remember that in the metric system, one ml is the same volume as one cubic centimeter (1 ml = 1 com). MMS Materials: none Pictures will be provided of the experiment. Materials used in obtaining the pictures are a bag of regular (NOT peanut) MMs (about 8 oz), plastic fernier caliper, and 100 ml plastic graduated cylinder. Procedure: Start with a clean and dry 100 ml plastic graduated cylinder. Add MMs until the radiated cylinder is about 3/4 full. Gently tap the graduated cylinder to settle the MMs. Read the volume of MMs in com and record the value in Data Table 1 . 2. Pour the MMs onto a clean, dry table or other flat surface. Use your hands to gently push the MMs into a solid circular shape, not a ring. You want to minimize the spaces between MMs while making sure that the MMs are flat on the surface. Now use the pictures of the fernier caliper to measure the diameter of the MM circle. Record this value in Table 1. 3. Steps 1 and 2 are repeated using a different number of MMs. The thickness of three single MMs selected at random from the sample are measured directly using the fernier caliper, which is precise to a thousandths of a centimeter (If you place an MM on a surface, the thickness is a measurement from 5. Submit your work according to the directions at the bottom of the page. You will complete the tables as you answer the questions. Be sure to include the information in the Tables as requested below, so your instru ctor can check your calculations. Questions: When you performed Step 2 of the procedure, you actually made a cylinder of MMs. The cylinder was rather smashed, and the height of the cylinder was the thickness of an MM. Recall that the equation for the volume of a cylinder is V = (3. 14)Q. A. Rearrange the equation for h. Show your work. B. Using the data from Table 1 and your equation, calculate the average thickness (height) of an MM for each trial. Record your calculated values in Table 1 . Hint: Students often forget that they must use the radius, and not the diameter, in the equation. Copy Table 1 into the assignment. C. You now have two values for the thickness of an MM in Table 1 . Determine the average MM thickness using these values and record your value in Table 3. D. You have Just determined a value for the thickness of an MM using the indirect method. What makes this method indirect? When Step 4 of the procedure was performed, a fernier caliper was used to measure the thickness of an MM. A. Using the data from Table 2, calculate the average MM thickness and record your value in Table 3. Copy Table 2 and Table 3 into the assignment. You have Just determined a value for the thickness of an MM using the direct method. What makes this method direct?

Thursday, November 28, 2019

A Challenging Situation Essays - , Term Papers

A Challenging Situation University of Washington Admissions Essay The challenging family situation I would like to share with you is our move from Korea to the United States. In 1989, my life was changed when my family immigrated to a new country, hoping for a better future. My life in Korea was hopeless, because I was a failing student with not much interest in school. I spent the majority of my time in Arcades, wasting my coins on video games. Rather than studying with my friends, as I had told my parents I would, I obsessed over the games. The only positive aspect to my life was my private computer programming lessons. Programming in Apple BASIC presented me with an opportunity to create my own world. One day, my parents told me that we were going to move to the United States of America, and I developed a strong feeling that my life soon would change forever. After spending eleven years in Korea, our family moved a totally different environment. This I knew would be my toughest challenge to date. As a fifth grader attending a new elementary school in a new country, I felt left out because of my inability to communicate. Some kids assumed that I did not understand them at all, so they made rude remarks about me. I understood them, maybe not completely, but I knew the intent of their messages. All that I had was my Apple II computer at which I just sat and programmed when I came home from school. At home, my parents pressured me to study all of the time, but I was frustrated and wanted to return to Korea. I wanted to go back and talk freely with my friends and play games with them. My parents often told me that they decided to move here because of the educational opportunities, yet I continued to rebel and refused to listen to what they said. Over time, my English improved. I moved on to regular sixth grade classes; some of which were challenging, but tolerable because of my teachers whom were willing to help. I always enjoyed class trips to the computer lab, where I would start programming on the computer. Other kids would start to gather around and treat me like a genius. Before long, I made more friends and found that I was enjoying school. Thoughts of going back to Korea faded, and my grades rose to a satisfactory level. This pleased my parents who now encouraged me to invite friends to dinner. When my friends came over, I became the translator between my parents and my friends. Since then, I often translate for my parents in any occasion where translation is needed. Talking to some adults was intimidating and sometimes embarrassing, but I felt mature and responsible. The rest of my school year went by very smoothly, and my self-confidence grew. Now I help other Korean people with language difficulties, helping them t o understand English and American customs. Prior to my arrival to the United States, I thought everything would be nice and easy, but it did not turn out that way. Life was difficult, since I had to learn a new language, culture, and customs. One of the best things I learned was that my parents were right. This experience helped change me from a hopeless kid to a confident and responsible young adult. From this experience, I have learned that if one sets goals, works hard towards those goals, dedicates oneself to those goals, and takes advantage of opportunities presented, they can achieve anything.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Couch Potatoes

one potatoe, 2 potatoe Couch Potatoes The television has become one of the most important possessions any American could own. Almost every family household in all of America especially in the United States has at least one television. This means people around the world are spending time being lazy sitting in front of the television doing nothing but watching and eating. Television watchers can be classified in many ways: by the different types of shows they watch or by the amount of time a person watches the television a week, but this seems too general to classify a couch potato. The four major categories of the couch potatoes are ranked on a combination of leisure or free time spent watching, intensity of watching, and the desire to watch verses the desire to engage in other non-watching activities. First, there is the ever so true couch potato. These people have no life what so ever. They are diehard viewers who, when they go home, sit down right in front of the television for the rest of the evening or day. These people now make their living room also their dining room. They sit in front of the television stuffing their faces the whole night. Upon hearing the word bible the, the true couch potato thinks of the TV guide. Couch potatoes plan all daily activities around the television. Some try to accomplish things while they watch, but many don’t get anything done. If the president was on every channel but one and they disliked Clinton like everyone in America, they would watch Farley2 the one channel no matter what on. While at home these true couch potatoes never dream about turning off the TV. The second group is the regular couch potato. These are scheduled television watchers. They have interests other than the TV a... Free Essays on Couch Potatoes Free Essays on Couch Potatoes Couch Potatoes The television has become one of the most important possessions any American could own. Almost every family household in all of America especially in the United States has at least one television. This means people around the world are spending time being lazy sitting in front of the television doing nothing but watching and eating. Television watchers can be classified in many ways: by the different types of shows they watch or by the amount of time a person watches the television a week, but this seems too general to classify a couch potato. The four major categories of the couch potatoes are ranked on a combination of leisure or free time spent watching, intensity of watching, and the desire to watch verses the desire to engage in other non-watching activities. First, there is the ever so true couch potato. These people have no life what so ever. They are diehard viewers who, when they go home, sit down right in front of the television for the rest of the evening or day. These people now make their living room also their dining room. They sit in front of the television stuffing their faces the whole night. Upon hearing the word bible the, the true couch potato thinks of the TV guide. Couch potatoes plan all daily activities around the television. Some try to accomplish things while they watch, but many don’t get anything done. If the president was on every channel but one and they disliked Clinton like everyone in America, they would watch Farley2 the one channel no matter what on. While at home these true couch potatoes never dream about turning off the TV. The second group is the regular couch potato. These are scheduled television watchers. They have interests other than the TV and don’t eat dinner in t... Free Essays on Couch Potatoes one potatoe, 2 potatoe Couch Potatoes The television has become one of the most important possessions any American could own. Almost every family household in all of America especially in the United States has at least one television. This means people around the world are spending time being lazy sitting in front of the television doing nothing but watching and eating. Television watchers can be classified in many ways: by the different types of shows they watch or by the amount of time a person watches the television a week, but this seems too general to classify a couch potato. The four major categories of the couch potatoes are ranked on a combination of leisure or free time spent watching, intensity of watching, and the desire to watch verses the desire to engage in other non-watching activities. First, there is the ever so true couch potato. These people have no life what so ever. They are diehard viewers who, when they go home, sit down right in front of the television for the rest of the evening or day. These people now make their living room also their dining room. They sit in front of the television stuffing their faces the whole night. Upon hearing the word bible the, the true couch potato thinks of the TV guide. Couch potatoes plan all daily activities around the television. Some try to accomplish things while they watch, but many don’t get anything done. If the president was on every channel but one and they disliked Clinton like everyone in America, they would watch Farley2 the one channel no matter what on. While at home these true couch potatoes never dream about turning off the TV. The second group is the regular couch potato. These are scheduled television watchers. They have interests other than the TV a...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Contemporary Issues in HR Service Delivery Essay

Contemporary Issues in HR Service Delivery - Essay Example Most recent articles have argued that HR management can be a critical source of competitive advantage if it becomes strategic. The paper explores the strategic function of HR and the core practices and outlines outcomes of HR practices. Ulrich’s model avails new opportunities to HR function as the need for a more strategic and business-linked is evident. This emanates from the fact that corporations are experiencing dramatic changes that manifest significant implications based on how critical human resources are to their performance. Several studies have explored the capability for the HR function to be a strategic partner and established that it possesses a critical value-adding function. HR function should become strategically proactive and goes beyond mere administrative expertise. HR function should be an expert in strategic business partnering, employee advocacy, and change management (Robinson and Robinson 2008, p.203). A well structured strategic business partner role combined with an effective delivery of operational HR functions can aid in transforming of the HR function. Human Resource as a discipline has manifested considerable changes within the last two decades with phrases such as â€Å"business partner† becoming common. Given the present turbulent nature of the business world and the resultant demands on human capital, the strategic business partner role can deliver value to organizations (Caldwell 2001, p.39). The establishment of strategic business role emanates from a combination of possessing skills and knowledge within the arena of Human Resources, organization development, and partnership. Nevertheless, once the competence profile is established, it is also critical to comprehend the usual tensions as the organization moves from their present HR state to the utilization of a strategic business model (Price 2007, p.55). The strategic business partner (SBP) concept should be structured around availing human capital

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Road Freight Transport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Road Freight Transport - Essay Example The road freight industry basically refers to the groups of companies that manage cargoes and shipment of other luggage through the road network including railways. These goods may be for other industries or for consumer use. Over the years, road freight has become more costly and thus less prefered. This owes to the ever up surging petroleum prices, increased road taxes, lots of heavy road traffic even after the peak hours, more alternatives available and most of all stringent rules and restrictions on road freight. The United Kingdom has also seen a change in the goods that are carried by road and also the transport means that are being used for it. The road freight industry of UK has been highly criticized for its legislations and other informal regulatory policies from time to time. However, it has survived through all this and come out successful, nonetheless. The road freight industry in the UK is composed of lorries, cargoes and railways mainly. Many laws have been passed to ensure the smooth running of the industry and to minimize smuggling and other bads in the society such as trade of illegal goods. However, it has been criticized for been a lousy industry which hasn’t worked up to its capacity. This criticism can only be weighed under the facts and figures that will be described in this paper. The Freight Transport Association (FTA) has been working tirelessly to make the freight process in UK highly civilized and well planned. It has, to a considerable extent, been successful in achieving its goal. Though, there is more yet to be done. It is not just one company that will make road freight reach new heights, a lot more private companies will have to plunge in and turn dreams into reality. Road haulage companies may volunteer to give some suggestions and suggest strategies that might help improve the public image of the road freight industry. This is very important for the industry to survive and earn profits. The road freight industry in the

Monday, November 18, 2019

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poverty - Essay Example e has been an on-going debate as to the actual poverty numbers in the past with many experts claiming there as many as one billion people who fall and live below the poverty line. Most of these poor are in developing countries of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest numbers of persons living below the poverty line. According to the World Bank, studies by Bhalla (2002) and Sala-i-Martin (2002) claim that the â€Å"number of people living in extreme poverty has fallen more sharply than as indicated by World Bank estimates†. The duo suggests that first World Bank’s Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the poverty rate by 2015 had in fact reached in 2000. In contrast other studies have stated that there has been no such decline as claimed by the World Bank. Reddy and Pogge (2002) and Wade (2002), in their assessment states that â€Å"the rate of decline in poverty is overstated by World Bank estimates.† These varying views are based on the various definitions or just understanding of what global poverty really is. The methods of measuring and assessing poverty data around the world also contributes to this differing school of thoughts. According to the World Bank (2008a) the world’s population living under extreme poverty dropped from 28 percent to 21 percent from 1990 to 2001 in developing countries around the world. The regions of East and South Asia witnessed most of the decline. In East Asia, the rate of poverty is said to have only dropped from 69 percent to 27 percent from 1990 to 2006. The same report suggests that the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa got worse as the number of people living under extreme poverty jumped from 231 million people in 1981 to 318 million in 2001, a 5 percent increase over 10 year period. Other regions of the world have not had dramatic changes in their poverty statistics. The economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia which experienced a sharp drop in income in the early 1990’s have seen poverty rates

Friday, November 15, 2019

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Causes

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Causes Herla Dorvil Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of many public health issues America faces. It is among the leading causes of death in the United States. It is affects more Americans just as any other disease. People with COPD are impacted where it can affect daily living. Due to the destruction of the alveoli in lungs, more individuals are requiring hospitalization frequently. Many people are diagnosed with COPD each year. COPD is a group of chronic pulmonary diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema that impair air flow to the lungs causing difficulty in breathing. According to (Chen et al., 2013), the World Health Organization has reported approximately 5/100 deaths worldwide due to COPD. Although COPD is a huge issue in public health, still many are unaware of the risk factors, target population it affects and the impact this creates in someones life. There are many ways that people can develop COPD. COPD occurs mostly in current or former smokers. Cigarette smoking and long-term exposures irritates and damage the lungs. â€Å"Cigarette smoke causes progressive destruction of the lung tissue, resulting in irreversible narrowing and scarring of the airways and loss of the alveolar interface where gas exchange takes place.† (Barnes et al., 2011, p. 612) Environmental factors such as air pollution, dust particles, and chemicals are also detrimental to one getting COPD. People who work around chemicals for a long time are at risk to damaging their lungs. The chemicals that are inhaled from the work environment and air pollution causes serious affects to the lungs. Breathing in secondhand smoke also poses a risk because they are around it all the time. People are most likely to develop COPD after being around family members who smoke or have a history of smoking. Another factor is the heredity of alpha one antitrypsin deficiency . An absence of alpha one antitrypsin increases your risk for lung disease. The lungs are protected by this protein and it is produced in the liver. It protects the body from unwanted effects from other proteins that cause harm to different organs of the body (Cox, 2011). Some patients that have asthma are usually categorized under chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. It affects the lungs by narrowing the airways and making it hard for one to breathe and usually have to take maintenance drugs if necessary. Common symptoms that are seen with COPD are chronic cough, increase in sputum production, chest tightness, wheezing, and shortness of breath. People with COPD usually have exacerbations, which is when their condition becomes worst over time. COPD is more common in older age groups and is said to be prevalent in women. People who get COPD are usually 18 years and older. Sometimes individuals are unaware that they have COPD until later in life after it progresses and they start developing symptoms. Studies say that women are twice as likely as men to get COPD. Although COPD affects all ages and mostly older age, the prevalence is high among adults less than 65 years old (Barnes et al., 2011). Due to under diagnosis the amount of people who have COPD may be higher. Many people don’t go to get regular check-ups and don’t have the money to do so, therefore they go a long time without noticing symptoms and end up finding out when it exacerbates. COPD is a chronic progressive disease that affects the pulmonary system creating a huge burden on ones life depending on the severity. Some patients with COPD experience weight loss skeletal muscle dysfunction and it makes it difficult to perform daily living activities as well as physical activities. The disease can cause one to experience shortness of breath with any type of movement. Kulich, Molen, Polkey, Rabinovich, Troosters, Vogiatzis (2013) emphasizes that the lack of physical activity contributes to the progression of the disease and creating poor outcomes. It is marked as reasons for mortality in hospitalized stations for many individuals. When physical activity is increased, it produces better outcomes for the patient. As the disease progresses individuals are frequently hospitalized, thus creating increased debt and healthcare expenditures. According to Chen et al. (2013), the average amount of medical expenses for a COPD patient is estimated at $27,656 per year, which i s four times higher than the average cost for patients without the disease. The individual has to constantly buy medication and it also creates problems at home where it interferes with their economic stability. It causes one to become unstable and unable to pay their bills and incompetent to take care of their selves which then leads them into depression. â€Å"In individuals with COPD, depression is significantly associated with decreased functional status; impair quality of life and disease progression and mortality.† (Das, Negi, Pandey , Raval, Sarkar, 2014 p.403) Due to the clinical depression, patients may not be in compliance with their management programs such as taking their medications, attending smoking cessation programs and pulmonary rehabilitation. By not taking these measures it leads to poor clinical outcomes and patients tend to relapse. COPD Individuals with depression cause higher financial problems for themselves. Das et al (2014) also showed that the occ upational status of a person showed an association with the presence of depression which develop into mood disorders. Not only is there an economic burden and depression, it also triggers other illnesses that will generate further complications (Chen et al., 2013). Some people later get peripheral artery disease, stroke and lung cancer. The impact of COPD can causes people to completely stop working because of the severity and the complications it produces. An understanding of the chronic disease complexity can help improve the quality of life for those individuals living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recognizing the impact of COPD may help the population to better identify, to get proper treatment and to reduce severity and exacerbations. The population of young, older men and women has to be educated and be made aware of the risk factors and importance of preventing the disease progress for a better and an improvement in life expectancy. References Chen, P., Livneh, H., Lu, M., Sung, F., Tsai, T. (2013). Increase risk and related factors of depression  among patients with COPD: A population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health, 13. doi: 10.11.1186/1471-2458-13-976 Coz, L.A. (2011). A casual model of obstruction pulmonary disease risk. Risk Analysis, 31(1), 38-62. doi:  10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01487 Barnes, N., Buist, S., Fishwick, J., Fletcher, M., Hutton, J., Jones, P., Walsh, J. (2011). COPD uncovered:  an international survey on the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on a working population. BMC Public Health, 11(1). doi: 612.62410.1186/1471-2458-11-612 Das, P., Negi, H., Pandey, K., Raval, A., Sakar, M. (2014). Presence of depression and its risk factors in  patients with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 139(3), 402-408. Retrieved from http.www.ebcohost.com Kulich, K., Molen, T., Polkey, M., Rabinovich, R., Troosters, T., Vogiatzis, I. (2013). Improving physical  activity in COPD: Towards a new paradigm. Respiratory Research, 14(1),115. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-14-115

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Negative Portrayal of Native Americans in Children’s Literature Ess

The Negative Portrayal of Native Americans in Children’s Literature The American institution has raised countless generations with misconceptions and lies regarding various foreign cultures. During the 1950’s the educational system in America was given the responsibility of teaching children the horrors and injustices they would suffer if the "evil" communist took over the world. Schools taught students that communist wanted to take away music, apple pie, baseball, and anything else that Americans cherished. Students learned that it was best to believe in the righteous of America. The preceding discussion has much in common with the treatment that Native Americans have received from picture books in America. The American society came to the conclusion hundred of years ago that it was in the best interest of America to misrepresent Native Americans, both in the past and present. The American continents were said to be inhabited with animal-like savages that had no cultural value. Schools have taught that it was the European's duty to civilize the new lands. One of the primary tools that have been used in the education of children is the picture book. Picture books have provided the American institution with a means of teaching our children that the Native Americans were bestial and animalistic, thus enabling us to ignore or justify the atrocities that Europeans and Americans have inflicted on the native societies. Picture books are one of the first mediums of learning that children encounter. The picture book was first created in 1657 by John Amos Comenius. Comenius’s book was entitled Orbis Pictus (The world of Pictures) and was an alphabet book (Martinez 57). Picture books are used to lay the foundations of the histori... ...York. 1969. D'Aulaire, Ingri & Edgar Parin. George Washington. Doubleday, & Co., New York. 1936. Edmonds, Walter D. The Matchlock Gun. Dodd, Mead & Company, New York. 1941. Fritz, Jean. The Good Giants and the Bad Pukwudgies. Putnam, New York. 1982. Goble, Paul. Buffalo Woman. Bradbury Press, New York. 1984. Hoyt-Goldsmith, Diane. Arctic Hunter. Holiday House, New York. 1992. Lewis, Richard. All of You was Singing. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York. 1991. Lindgren, Merri V. The Multicolored Mirror: Cultural Substance in Literature for Children and Young Adults. Highsmith Press, Wisconsin. 1991. Maxim, George W. The Very Young: Guiding Children from Infancy through the Early Years. Prentice Hall, Ohio. 1993. Monjo, F. N. Indian Summer. Harper & Row Publishing, New York. 1968. Parish, Peggy. Little Indian. Simon & Schuster, New York. 1968.